Synonyms:

The name Ortegocactus macdougallii is actually a synonym of the accepted name Cochemiea macdougallii. Other synonyms are Escobaria macdougallii and Neobesseya macdougallii.

Habitat:

Ortegocactus macdougallii is native to a small, nearly inaccessible area in San Jose Lachuguiri, Oaxaca, Mexico. It is known from just one location. This cactus thrives at an altitude ranging from 1600 to 2000 meters.
In its natural habitat, Ortegocactus macdougallii is found in grasslands atop a steep limestone rock formation. This area is notably devoid of substantial tree or scrub vegetation.

Description:

Ortegocactus macdougallii is a slow-growing cactus that forms small clumps, creating tiny bush-like structures just a few centimeters in size.
The stems of this species are quite distinctive, having an unusual lime-green-grey outer layer. As the years pass, each stem elongates, reaching a diameter of 3 to 4 centimeters. It’s worth noting that even under the care of experienced growers, older plants of this species tend to develop spots with a rust-colored hue. Interestingly, this is a common trait seen in wild plants as well. These spots seem to help them blend in with the rust-colored lichens that often grow in their natural surroundings.
The tubercles, which are low and often somewhat flattened, have a rhomboid shape and are arranged in a spiral pattern. They measure about 8 to 10 millimeters in diameter.
The areoles (small cushion-like structures from which spines grow) come in two types on this cactus. The upper part has white felt and spines, and sometimes they exhibit furrows.
There is one central spine that is turgid, either black or whitish with a black tip, and it measures 4 to 5 millimeters in length. Additionally, there are 7 to 8 radial spines of the same color, each ranging from 5 to 10 millimeters in length.
In the spring or summer, this cactus produces diurnal, funnel-shaped yellow flowers. They are 2 to 3 centimeters long and have a diameter of 2.5 to 3 (5) centimeters. These flowers emerge from the base of the areoles on the upper tubercles and last for a couple of days. Notably, Ortegocactus macdougallii is able to self-pollinate.
The fruit is spherical with a slight extension, and it becomes dry and reddish when it matures. It’s about 5 millimeters in diameter and retains bits of the perianth attached. The fruit doesn’t split open when it’s ready to release its seeds (indehiscent).
The seeds are almost spherical, dark brown to black, measuring 1.2 millimeters in length and 0.9 millimeters in width. They have a shiny black appearance.
The roots of this cactus are fibrous in nature.

Cultivation:

Cultivating Ortegocactus macdougallii presents a unique challenge due to its specific habitat requirements, which are difficult to replicate in cultivation. Here are some tailored cultivation guidelines for this particular species:
It displays a marked sensitivity to excessive watering, which can lead to either rotting of the stem or the bursting of its epidermis. Therefore, it is imperative to use a well-draining and porous compost, opt for shallow pots, and ensure impeccable drainage. To maintain the plant’s natural and attractive form, it is advisable to restrain the use of fertilizer, preventing it from becoming an unwieldy giant.
One common occurrence, though benign, is the presence of an unsightly orange discoloration, often referred to as “corkiness,” at the base of the stems. This cosmetic feature is not indicative of disease, and regrettably, it seems to be an inherent trait that cannot be entirely circumvented. To safeguard against potential rot, periodic and careful inspections are recommended. Should the need arise for re-rooting, it’s essential to be aware that this process is not without its challenges and may require a more delicate touch.
Ortegocactus macdougallii is best placed in well-lit areas with direct sunlight exposure. It thrives in mild temperatures, ideally around 20°C. Avoid subjecting it to temperatures below 10°C, and provide shelter during winter months. This cactus species has low water requirements. Watering once every 10 days is sufficient. In winter, it’s recommended to cease watering altogether. An innocuous yet less aesthetically pleasing orange discoloration often occurs at the base of the stems. This is not indicative of disease and appears to be an inherent trait. However, if it does manifest, it’s advisable to carefully examine the roots for any signs of rot. To ensure proper drainage, use a substrate that is very well-draining, and consider incorporating a small portion of peat with low mineral content. Ortegocactus macdougallii does not require frequent fertilization. Diluting the fertilizer and applying it with watering once a year is adequate. Given its slow growth and dwarf nature, repotting is generally unnecessary.

Propagation:

Growing Ortegocactus macdougallii from seeds is a very slow process. Some experts suggest using a method called grafting instead. This involves attaching a small piece of the Ortegocactus to another type of cactus, like Pereskiopsis or Myrtillocactus geometrizans. If the Ortegocactus doesn’t reject this new “host” cactus, it can be grown without any issues.
If you want to keep the Ortegocactus on its original roots, it’s possible. This way, it will keep its unique features without any changes. However, when you graft it onto another cactus, it tends to grow in clusters, and you can use the smaller parts for making cuttings. This helps to create more Ortegocactus plants.

Curiosity:

Ortegocactus is a plant group that shares a close kinship with Mammillaria. Within the Ortegocactus genus, “macdougalli” is the only species, making it a monospecific genus. Recent studies examining the genetic makeup of these plants have determined that Ortegocactus falls phylogenetically between Neolloydia and Coryphantha.

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