Gymnocalycium calochlorum
Synonyms:
Echinocactus calochlorus
Gymnocalycium proliferum var. calochlorum
Gymnocalycium quehlianum var. calochlorum
Echinocactus prolifer
Gymnocalycium bruchii var. papschii
Gymnocalycium calochlorum var. proliferum
Gymnocalycium papschii
Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. agnesiae
Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. huettneri
Gymnocalycium proliferum
Habitat:
Gymnocalycium calochlorum is native to the grasslands and open plains of Argentina, specifically in the provinces of Córdoba and San Luis. This cactus thrives in areas with a semi-arid climate, where it grows in well-draining sandy or rocky soils. The region experiences a distinct dry season, which is crucial for the plant’s natural growth cycle. It is commonly found at elevations ranging from 500 to 1,000 meters above sea level, where temperatures can vary significantly between day and night. These environmental conditions, including ample sunlight and periodic droughts, are essential for the cactus’s development and flowering.
Description:
Gymnocalycium calochlorum is a small, globular cactus known for its striking appearance and ease of cultivation. It typically grows to a height of 4 to 8 centimeters and a diameter of 6 to 10 centimeters. The cactus is characterized by its dark green to bluish-green body, which is ribbed with well-defined, rounded ribs. Each rib is adorned with distinct areoles, which are spaced about 1 to 2 centimeters apart. The areoles of Gymnocalycium calochlorum bear spines that are short, thin, and slightly curved. These spines are usually white or pale yellow, adding to the cactus’s aesthetic appeal. Each areole typically produces between 5 to 7 spines, which are about 0.5 to 1 centimeter long. One of the most striking features of Gymnocalycium calochlorum is its flowers. The cactus blooms in late spring to early summer, producing funnel-shaped flowers that are white to pale pink with a darker pink or red throat. The flowers emerge from the top of the plant and can be up to 4 to 5 centimeters in diameter. They open during the day and close at night, often lasting for several days. The blooming period can be quite prolific, with multiple flowers appearing in succession. The cactus has a slow growth rate but can form clusters over time, creating an attractive display in cultivation. Its small size and striking flowers make it a popular choice among cactus enthusiasts.
Cultivation:
Cultivating Gymnocalycium calochlorum is relatively straightforward, making it an excellent choice for both beginners and experienced growers. This cactus prefers bright, indirect sunlight. It can tolerate some direct sunlight, especially in the morning or late afternoon, but too much intense midday sun can cause scorching. Ideally, provide it with filtered light or place it in a location with partial shade. Gymnocalycium calochlorum requires well-draining soil. A cactus or succulent mix is ideal, but you can also create your own by combining regular potting soil with coarse sand, perlite, or pumice. The soil should have a neutral to slightly acidic pH. During the growing season (spring and summer), water the cactus thoroughly but allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot. In the dormant season (fall and winter), reduce watering to once every 3-4 weeks or even less, depending on the humidity and temperature. It is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from temperatures below 5°C. If grown in a region with cold winters, it is best kept indoors or in a greenhouse during the colder months. Feed Gymnocalycium calochlorum with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength once a month during the growing season. Avoid fertilizing during the winter when the plant is dormant. Repotting should be done every 2-3 years or when the plant outgrows its pot. Use a slightly larger pot and refresh the soil to provide new nutrients. Repotting is best done in the spring, just before the growing season starts.
Propagation:
Propagating Gymnocalycium calochlorum is typically done through seed, but offsets can also be used if the plant produces them. Collect seeds from mature plants and sow them in a well-draining cactus mix. Scatter the seeds on the surface and lightly cover them with a thin layer of sand or fine soil. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Place the container in a warm, bright location with indirect sunlight. Seeds should germinate in 2 to 4 weeks. Once seedlings have developed a few sets of spines, they can be carefully transplanted to individual pots. By offset, gently remove offsets from the parent plant using a sterile knife. Allow the offsets to dry for a few days to form calluses. Plant the offsets in a well-draining soil mix. Do not water immediately; wait about a week before lightly watering. Place the offsets in a bright, warm location with indirect sunlight. They should root within a few weeks to months.
Curiosity:
Gymnocalycium calochlorum is known for its ease of flowering, often blooming multiple times in a season under the right conditions. The name “Gymnocalycium” is derived from the Greek words “gymnos,” meaning “naked,” and “kalyx,” meaning “bud,” referring to the flower buds’ lack of hair or spines. This species is popular in hybridization, often used to create new and interesting cultivars within the Gymnocalycium genus.
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