Family: Cactaceae
Habitat: South America
Cultivation: Scarce watering in Winter and more abundant in summer, well-drained substrate and plenty of sunlight
Curiosity: Some species of Austrocylindropuntia have edible fruits, like the Opuntia ones.

KEY FEATURES

Austrocylindropuntia, a genus of the Cactaceae family, comprises 11 acknowledged species that were previously classified under the genus Opuntia. Several of these species are indigenous to South America.
Cacti from the Austrocylindropuntia genus exhibit distinctive features, such as cylindrical, succulent stems typically comprised of tubercles. Another noteworthy characteristic within this genus involves the spines adorning the epidermis of certain species, proving challenging to remove once entangled. In their natural habitat, this feature serves a functional purpose in cactus propagation. The tubercles adhere to animals, eventually detaching and dispersing, giving rise to new specimens. While we acknowledge the ingenuity of this reproductive method, it can be bothersome for cultivators. To avoid prickling encounters, careful handling of these cacti becomes imperative. Conversely, some cacti in this genus are more or less densely covered with thick, white hairs. What sets Austrocylindropuntia apart from Cylindropuntia (Cactaceae prevalent in North America) is the absence of the thin “papery” sheath present in the latter. Additionally, Austrocylindropuntia displays continuous growth, contrasting with the seasonal growth observed in Cylindropuntia.

VARIETY AND TYPES

Austrocylindropuntia cactacearum
Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica
Austrocylindropuntia exaltata
Austrocylindropuntia floccosa
Austrocylindropuntia pachypus
Austrocylindropuntia shaferi
Austrocylindropuntia subulata
Austrocylindropuntia vestita

TIPS FOR GROWING

Cultivating Austrocylindropuntias is usually easy, as these genus includes resistant species from though native climates. Some species, though, such as A. floccosa, can pose challenges due to its preference for extreme mountainous conditions, difficultly reproducible. These areas are characterized by fluctuating temperatures, ranging from hot to freezing, and exposure to intense ultraviolet light at high altitudes.
To ensure successful growth, it is essential to provide a well-draining mineral-based potting mix. When repotting, ensure the pot has proper drainage to prevent water accumulation. During the summer, promoting healthy growth can be achieved by feeding with a potassium-rich fertilizer. Moreover, exposure to ample direct sunlight is crucial for the development of robust spines and the distinctive wooly covering. Plants in shaded areas may grow elongated and may not exhibit the characteristic hairy appearance.
In terms of watering, it is advisable to provide average moisture during the summer while being cautious not to overwater, as Austrocylindropuntia can be susceptible to rot. In winter, maintaining a dry environment is crucial. Despite its preference for mountainous conditions, Austrocylindropuntia has shown adaptability to various temperate climates, such as parts of Europe and North America, when planted in well-draining substrates. However, growth is typically slow, and the formation of large clusters occurs over time.
During the winter, it is important to keep the plants in a cool environment, ideally around 0 to -10°C. This period of rest is vital for their overall health and flower development. Not all Austrocylindropuntias require this cooling period, and this specific feature depends on the species. Other species, on the contrary, should be kept indoors during the winter, to avoid freezing temperatures. In general, although they are reasonably hardy in winter, if cultivated outdoors, they should be protected from excessive rain and kept dry.
In terms of pests and diseases, well-maintained plants are generally resilient. However, there are potential issues to be mindful of. Red spiders can be addressed by watering the plants from above. Mealy bugs, although infrequent, can sometimes inhabit new growth, particularly within the woolly covering. The most problematic types of mealy bugs may develop underground on the roots, making them harder to detect. Scales are rarely a concern. Regarding rot, it is more likely to occur with overwatering and insufficient ventilation. Adequate watering and ventilation practices are crucial in preventing this issue.
Austrocylindropuntia, in general, is an excellent choice for container gardening, maintaining an attractive appearance while remaining compact. It also thrives in cold greenhouses and frames. In its native Peru, Austrocylindropuntia is utilized as a hedge plant and planted atop loam walls to provide added protection for farms.

Austrocylindropuntia, when it comes to propagation, can be achieved through either seeds or cuttings. The plant exhibits a robust branching tendency, and obtaining offsets is a relatively straightforward process. When removing an offset, it is crucial to allow it to air dry for a few days. This downtime plays a vital role in ensuring the proper healing of the wound, as cuttings planted too soon may be susceptible to rot before establishing roots. Once adequately dried, delicately place the offset on the soil and partially insert the stem end into the substrate. It is advisable to maintain the cutting somewhat upright to facilitate downward root growth.